Traditional supply chain finance, while alleviating financing difficulties for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), is still hindered by issues such as information silos, lack of trust, and fragmented business processes. These challenges result in low operational efficiency and high operational risks. To address these challenges, this paper aims to build an intelligent supply chain finance business automation framework that deeply integrates blockchain and IoT technologies. Blockchain technology, with its distributed ledger, immutability, and smart contract features, provides the underlying support for creating a trusted multi-party collaboration environment. Meanwhile, IoT technology enables real-time sensing and accurate traceability of physical asset states, integrating the four flows—business flow, logistics, information flow, and fund flow—into one, providing a reliable data foundation for digital risk control and decision-making. The core contribution of this paper is the proposal of an innovative business process automation model and dynamic workflow orchestration algorithm. First, by deconstructing typical business scenarios such as receivables financing and inventory pledge, complex financial activities are abstracted into standardized and configurable task units. Then, smart contracts are used to encode business rules and contract terms, enabling “machine trust”-based execution of key processes like automatic rights confirmation and settlement. To solve the coordination challenges of multi-party, multi-step business processes, this research designs an orchestration scheduling algorithm based on a workflow engine. This algorithm can dynamically optimize task execution paths and resource allocation strategies based on real-time IoT data and on-chain events, significantly improving the response speed and overall efficiency of complex business processes. Through comparative analysis and simulation experiments with typical platform cases, the proposed model demonstrates significant advantages in improving business processing efficiency, reducing credit risk, and lowering operational costs. Finally, this paper discusses the challenges faced in the practical application of this model, such as technology integration, performance scalability, and privacy protection, and looks forward to future research directions. It provides important theoretical references and practical paths for promoting the development of supply chain finance towards automation, intelligence, and ecosystem integration.

Xinyu Yang. Research on the Blockchain and IoT-based Supply Chain Finance Business Process Automation Model and Workflow Orchestration Algorithm. Socio-Economic Statistics Research (2025), Vol. 6, Issue 2: 79-89. https://doi.org/10.38007/SESR.2025.060208.

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